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易佳辉, 蔡子怡, 刘嘉琪, 罗梦琴, 刘叶蔓, 龚力民, 宁露云.5种黄精属植物叶片的生理生化与显微、超微结构研究[J].湖南中医药大学学报,2025,45(11):2098-2105[点击复制] |
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| 5种黄精属植物叶片的生理生化与显微、超微结构研究 |
| 易佳辉,蔡子怡,刘嘉琪,罗梦琴,刘叶蔓,龚力民,宁露云 |
| (湖南中医药大学药学院, 湖南 长沙 410208;湖南省中医药民族医药国际联合实验室, 湖南 长沙 410208) |
| 摘要: |
| 目的 阐明5种黄精属植物叶片的生理生化与显微、超微结构特征。方法 本研究以5种广泛栽培的黄精属植物（玉竹、黄精、多花黄精、滇黄精和湘黄精）叶片为试验材料，测定叶片含水量、叶绿素含量、RubisCO酶活性，并进行叶片显微及超微结构观察。结果 遮荫栽培的黄精、多花黄精及滇黄精等叶片含水量（78%～81%）显著高于未遮荫的玉竹（73%）(P<0.01)。遮荫栽培的黄精属植物叶绿素总量（CT）、叶绿素a(Ca)与叶绿素b(Cb)均高于未遮荫的玉竹，但未遮荫玉竹的Ca/Cb值高于多种遮荫的黄精属植物。滇黄精RubisCO酶活性（413.77 U/L）最高，遮荫与未遮荫种植的玉竹RubisCO酶活性（分别为294.54 U/L和289.58 U/L）差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。显微结构观察显示，未遮荫栽培的玉竹叶片最厚（248.77μm），上、下表皮细胞长度和宽度高于遮荫栽培的其他黄精属植物；滇黄精叶片最薄（113.60μm），下表皮细胞最小（长27.13μm×宽20.90μm）。超微结构观察表明，遮荫栽培玉竹叶绿体类囊体发达、嗜锇颗粒规则；未遮荫栽培的玉竹类囊体退化而嗜锇颗粒大。结论 5种黄精属植物的生理生化及显、超微结构存在差异，露地栽培的玉竹叶片较厚、表皮细胞大、Ca/Cb值高；而遮荫栽培的其他黄精属植物叶片含水量和叶绿素含量相对较高，但Ca/Cb相对较低。本研究可为今后评估和解析黄精属植物的光合特性及其环境适应性提供参考。 |
| 关键词: 黄精属 遮荫 生理生化特性 显微结构 超微结构 |
| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-070X.2025.11.010 |
| 投稿时间：2025-08-06 |
| 基金项目:湖南省卫生健康委员会卫生健康科研课题(20254031); 湖南省自然科学基金项目(2023JJ40482,2023JJ60125); 湖南省重点研发计划(2023SK2046); 湖南中医药大学本科生科研创新项目(2023BKS115,2024BKS079); 湖南省科技特派员创新创业项目(2023NK4142); 国家大学生创新训练计划项目(S202410541070); 湖南省药学重点学科。 |
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| Study on physiological and biochemical characteristics, and micro- and ultra-structure of leaves from five Polygonatum species |
| YI Jiahui, CAI Ziyi, LIU Jiaqi, LUO Mengqin, LIU Yeman, GONG Limin, NING Luyun |
| (School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China;Chinese Medicine and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China) |
| Abstract: |
| Objective To elucidate the physiological, biochemical, microstructural, and ultrastructural characteristics of leaves from five Polygonatum species. Methods Leaves from five widely cultivated Polygonatum species（P. odoratum, P. sibiricum, P.cyrtonema, P.kingianum, and P.hunanense） were used as experimental materials. Leaf water content, chlorophyll content, RubisCO enzyme activity were measured, and leaf microstructural and ultrastructural features were observed. Results The leaf water content of shade-cultivated P. sibiricum, P.cyrtonema, and P.kingianum（78%～81%） was significantly higher than that of non-shaded P.odoratum（73%, P＜0.01）. Shade-cultivated Polygonatum species showed higher total chlorophyll content（CT）, chlorophyll a（Ca）,and chlorophyll b（Cb） content compared to non-shaded P. odoratum. However, the Ca/Cb ratio of non-shaded P. odoratum was higher than that of several shade-cultivated Polygonatum species. P.kingianum exhibited the highest RubisCO activity（413.78 U/L）,while no statistically significant difference（P＞0.05） was observed in RubisCo activity between shaded and non-shaded P. odoratum（294.54 U/L and 289.58 U/L, respectively）. Microstructural observation revealed that non-shaded P. odoratum exhibited the thickest leaves（248.77 μm）, with greater length and width of both upper and lower epidermal cells compared to other shade-cultivated Polygonatum species. In contrast, P.kingianum showed the thinnest leaves（113.60 μm） and the smallest lower epidermal cells（27.13 μm in length×20.90 μm in width）. Ultrastructural analysis indicated that shade-cultivated P. odoratum contained chloroplasts with well-developed thylakoids and regularly shaped osmiophilic granules, whereas non-shaded P. odoratum displayed degenerated thylakoids and enlarged osmiophilic granules. Conclusion There are differences in the physiological, biochemical, microstructural,and ultrastructural characteristics among the five Polygonatum species. Field-grown P. odoratum possesses thicker leaves, larger epidermal cells, and a higher Ca/Cb ratio, whereas shade-cultivated Polygonatum species maintain relatively higher leaf water content and chlorophyll content but a lower Ca/Cb ratio. This study provides valuable insights for evaluating the photosynthetic characteristics and environmental adaptability of Polygonatum species. |
| Key words: Polygonatum shade cultivation physiological and biochemical characteristics microstructure ultrastructure |
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